Photovoltaic-Thermal Hybrid System (PVT) is an integrated solution designed to simultaneously convert solar radiation into electrical and thermal energy. This dual functionality is achieved through the combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and a thermal transfer fluid system, which captures excess heat from the PV cells to improve overall efficiency. The PV component converts sunlight into electricity, while the thermal system utilises the non-electrical solar energy absorbed by the PV cells. PVT systems can significantly increase energy output per unit area compared to standalone PV systems by harvesting both electrical and thermal energy.
In practical applications, PVT systems are used in residential, commercial, and industrial settings to provide both electricity and hot water or space heating, making them particularly useful in buildings with high energy demands for both power and heat. The integration of thermal and electrical systems in one unit reduces space requirements and installation costs. The efficiency of a PVT system often exceeds that of separate PV and solar thermal installations due to its ability to lower the temperature of the PV cells, enhancing their electrical output. Research continues to focus on developing materials and configurations that optimise the balance between thermal and electrical efficiency, adapting to diverse climatic conditions and user requirements.
